A Research Project On Cyber Security - 1230 Words

Research Proposal Document by Srinivas Vadthya GLS 470 Writing the Research Paper 11/04/2015 Cyber Security Introduction: - for my research project, I would like to explore about the cyber security measures. Cybersecurity covers the fundamental concepts underlying the construction of secure systems from the hardware to the software to the human computer interface, with the use of cryptography to secure interactions. These concepts are easily augmented with hands-on exercises involving relevant tools and techniques. We have different types of computer related crimes, cybercrimes, computer related offenses, federal approaches defenses. The information resources management has the technical matters for which IT are widely known. Cyber resources and cyber power as well as cyber security. We have spent a lot of time talking about many different high level critical infrastructure protection concepts we have general rule stayed away from cyber security explaining the ins and out of how the NIPP and NRF work together to ensure that we can live our daily live in relative comfort. My research Is on security measures to the software to hardware computer interfaces. Trying to find out the difficulties of cyber security I have usable security, software security and hardware security to relate the cybercrime issues. I have to implement new ways to stop the computer related crimes of software and hardware. MyShow MoreRelatedThe Cyber Security Framework959 Words   |  4 PagesProper framework The path forward to secure transportation systems from cyber attacks will require broad-based commitments to improve cybersecurity awareness and the use of best security practices by individuals, industries and government agencies. 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Example:Read MoreEssay On Automatic Detection Of Cyber-Recruitment By Violent Extremists1363 Words   |  6 Pagesdetection of cyber-recruitment by violent extremists Introduction The main objective of this research is to present data and analytic methods for automatically identifying the recruitment activities of violent groups within extremist social media websites like face book, twitter, what sup and so on. There is no doubt that in today’s modern era the use of information and computer technology (internet) is rapidly increasing. Due to the unregulated nature of Internet Communication cyber communities becomeRead MoreThe Utilization Of Cyber Attack Test System Frameworks1443 Words   |  6 Pages Alpesh Patel SEC 402: Cyber Security Professor: Gregory Blanche Case Study 1: The Critical Need for Information Security 04/15/2016 â€Æ' The utilization of Cyber-Attack test system frameworks is extraordinary significance to any given association that vibe the danger of digital instability. 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The Importance of Humans Rights - 4999 Words

PAMANTASANG ARELLANO 2600 Legarda St., Manila www.arellano.edu.ph KOLEHIYO NG SINING AT AGHAM HUMAN RIGHts HUMAN RIGHTS INTRODUCTION Human rights are almost a form of religion in todays world. They are the great ethical yardstick that is used to measure a governments treatment of its people. A broad consensus has emerged in the twentieth century on rhetoric that frames judgment of nations against an international moral code prescribing certain benefits and treatment for all humans simply because they are human. Within many nations political debates rage over the denial or abuse of human rights. Even in prosperous, democratic countries like†¦show more content†¦It is important to note that the duty may be owed by a particular person or official, or the duty may generally lie in the whole community. The essential characteristic of a claim-right is the inherent connection between As claim to a benefit and Bs duty - A can make a claim that B must perform the duty. However, there are other connotations of the phrase `A has a right to X that do not involve a corresponding duty on anothers part. The term may mean that A has a liberty with respect to X. In this view, A has no obligation not to do or have X, which may be different from the status of other people. Also, A can make no claim against another, because no-one else as a duty with respect to As enjoyment of X. A liberty may be enjoyed by all, such as the right to wear what one pleases while doing household chores. A subset of liberty is privilege, because A may have no duty not to do X but others do. For instance, in some English colleges the dons have a right to walk across the grass in the quadrangle, although others must use the pathways instead. In any liberty there is no duty on anyone to provide the X involved; i.e., no-one has a duty to provide the lawns simply for the dons to walk upon. To say that `A has a right to X may also indicate that A has a power to effect changes in X. 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Dorian Gray Aestheticism Essay Example For Students

Dorian Gray Aestheticism Essay Aestheticismlate 19th-century European arts movement which centred on thedoctrine that art exists for the sake of its beauty alone, and that itneed serve no political, didactic, or other purpose. Aestheticismfrom Europe, history ofTo those who dedicated their lives to Symbolist literature andcriticism the name of aesthetes is often given, for it was at thistime, from 1870 to the end of the century, that questions ofaesthetics became the intense concern of artists, critics, and aportion of the public. The phrase art for arts sake, which the Aestheticismfrom art, philosophy ofDiametrically opposed to the moralistic view is aestheticism, theview that, instead of art (and everything else) being thehandmaiden of morality, morality (and everything else) should bethe handmaiden of art. The proponents of this view hold that theexperience of art is the most intense and pervasive experienceavailable in human life and autotelismthe belief that a work of art, especially a work of literature, is anend in itself or provides its own justification and does not exist toserve a moral or didactic purpose. It was adopted by proponentsof New Criticism in the 1920s and is similar to the art for artssake doctrine of the Aestheticism movement of the late 19th art for arts sakea slogan translated from the French lart pour lart, which wascoined in the early 19th century by the French philosopher VictorCousin. The phrase expresses the belief held by many writers andartists, especially those associated with Aestheticism, that artneeds no justification, that it need serve no political, didactic, or

Dillards SWOT Essay Example Essay Example

Dillards SWOT Essay Example Paper COMPANY PROFILE Dillard’s, Inc. COPYRIGHT MARKETLINE. TABLE OF CONTENTS Dillards SWOT Essay Body Paragraphs Dillard’s, Inc. Â © MarketLine Page 2 Dillard’s, Inc. Company Overview COMPANY OVERVIEW Dillard’s, Inc. (Dillard’s or ‘the company’) is one of the largest fashion apparel and home furnishing retailers in the US. The company primarily operates in the southwest, southeast and midwest regions of the US. It is headquar tered in Little Rock, Arkansas, and employed about 38,900 people as of Januar y 28, 2012, of whom 8,947 were par t-time employees. The company recorded revenues of $6,399. 8 million in the financial year ended Januar y 2012 (FY2012), an increase of 2. 3% over FY2011. We will write a custom essay sample on Dillards SWOT Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Dillards SWOT Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Dillards SWOT Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Dillards SWOT Dillards SWOT Dillards SWOT The operating profit of the company was $396. 7 million in FY2012, an increase of 47. 6% over FY2011. The net profit was $463. 9 million in FY2012, compared to $179. 6 million in FY2011. KEY FACTS Head Office Dillard’s, Inc. 1600 Cantrell Road Little Rock Arkansas 72201 USA Phone 1 501 376 5200 Fax Web Address http://www. dillards. com Revenue / turnover 6,399. 8 (USD Mn) Financial Year End Januar y Employees 38,900 New York Ticker DDS Dillard’s, Inc. Â © MarketLine Page 3 Dillard’s, Inc. SWOT Analysis SWOT ANALYSIS Dillard’s is one of the largest fashion apparel and home furnishing retailers in the US. Besides offering national brands at its stores, the company also offers private and exclusive brands. Its private and exclusive product range helps it to tap the growing value oriented customer base in the US. Moreover, the exclusivity element attached to the brands enhances the store’s perception as an upscale depar tment store and drives footfall. However, intense competition could lead to price wars and pressurize the company’s margins and cap its market share. Strengths Weaknesses Private and exclusive brands enhancing the exclusivity factor Various cost-controlling measures driving profitability Lack of geographic scale and reach Opportunities Threats Online retail channel to offer oppor tunities for growth Growing demand for footwear in the US The growing US REIT market Intense competition Discretionar y spending in the US Strengths Private and exclusive brands enhancing the exclusivity factor Besides offering national brands at its stores, Dillard’s offers private and exclusive brands. The company’s exclusive brand merchandise por tfolio comprises Antonio Melani, Gianni Bini, Roundtree Yorke and Daniel Cremieux. These exclusive brands are offered at lower price range compared to the national brands. The demand for private label merchandise has gained strength in the US, as customers are increasingly seeking value for money. Though this trend emerged out of the pressurized disposable income in the hands of the customers, the trend is expected to continue even after the country recovers from the economic slowdown. Dillard’s private and exclusive product range helps it to tap the growing value oriented customer base in the US. Since these exclusive and private label brands carr y higher margins, the company’s overall profitability is also impacted positively. Moreover, the exclusivity element attached to the brands enhances the store’s perception as an upscale depar tment store and drives footfall. Various cost-controlling measures driving profitability Dillard’s, Inc. Â © MarketLine Page 4 Dillard’s, Inc. SWOT Analysis Dillard’s has adopted various cost-controlling measures for sustenance in the difficult retail environment. Dillard’s has engaged in activities such as tight expense control and store rationalization. The selling, general and administrative (SG) expenses as a percentage of sales have essentially remained flat in the last three years despite rising healthcare and other costs. The company repor ted SG expenses of $1,630. 9 million in FY2012, $1,625. 8 million in FY2011 and $1,644. 1 million in FY2010. SG expenses as a perce ntage of sales was 26%, 26. 6%, and 27% in FY2012, FY2011 and FY2010, respectively. Dillard’s has also continued to cut costs and improve profitability by closing underperforming stores. During FY2012, the company closed four of its stores: a 190,000 square feet store in Austin, Texas; a 128,000 square feet store in Decatur, Alabama; a 159,000 square feet store in Westminster, Colorado; and a 96,000 square feet store in Glenn Allen, Virginia. The improved operating efficiencies coupled with the closure of under performing stores have enhanced the productivity of the company’s retail operations and its profit margins. The company’s operating profit reached $396. 7 million in FY2012, an increase of 47. 6% over FY2011. Also, the net profit of Dillard’s reached $463. 9 million in FY2012, compared to $179. 6 million in FY2011. Improved profitability not only enhances shareholder’s confidence but also offers Dillard’s financial sources to fund its expansion plans. Weaknesses Lack of geographic scale and reach The company’s operations are limited to few states of the US market. Its competitors, however, have a diverse geographic presence. For example, Sears Holdings Cor poration operates in the US as well as in Canada. J. C. Penny, though operates only in the US, has a wider presence compared to Dillard’s. J. C. Penny operated 1,102 stores in 49 US states and Puer to Rico in the financial year ended January 2012 while Dillard’s operated 304 stores in 29 US states during FY2012. Lack of geographic diversity exposes the company’s revenue stream to slowdown in the regional economy. Opportunities Online retail channel to offer oppor tunities for growth The use of online retail channel as a means of making purchases has been growing among the customers in the US. According to the US Depar tment of Commerce, online retail sales in the US increased from $144. 6 billion in 2009 to $193. 7 billion in 2011, at a compound annual growth rate of 15. 7%. e-commerce sales accounted for 4. 7% of the total retail sales in the US in 2011. Fur thermore, in the second quar ter of 2012, the online retail sales reached $54. 8 billion, an increase of 3. 3% from the first quar ter of 2012. Besides the brick and mor tar stores, Dillard’s offers its merchandise for sales online at its website, www. illards. com. This website also features ser vices such as on-line gift registries, among others. Dillard’s, Inc. Â © MarketLine Page 5 Dillard’s, Inc. SWOT Analysis Dillard’s can leverage its online retailing business to tap the increasing popularity of online retail channel. Growing demand for footwear in the US The market for fashion footwear has shown strong growth in a scenario where spending on discretionary items has been pressurized. According to MarketLine, the footwear market in the US grew by 3% in 2011 to reach a value of $67. 7 billion. By 2016, this market is expec ted to reach a value of $81. 6 billion, an increase of 20. 6% from 2011. Footwear is one of the key offerings at Dillard’s retail outlets. The categor y accounted for 16% of the company’s revenue in FY2012, 15% in FY2011, and 14% in FY2010. The growing demand for fashion footwear in the US will lead to more customer traffic at Dillard’s retail outlets and drive revenues from the product category. The growing US REIT market Dillard’s entered the real estate investment trust (REIT) market by forming a wholly owned subsidiary in January 2011. This subsidiary will operate the company’s REIT as well as a wholly-owned captive insurance subsidiary. REITs have been performing well in the US market. According to industr y estimates, the strong performance in the REIT industry in 2011 was that of the self-storage REITs (with a total return of 35. 2%), followed by apar tments (15. 1%), health care (13. 6%) and retail (12. 2%). Amid macroeconomic concerns such as sovereign debt, rising energy costs, and fears of a double-dip recession, the US REITs have been able to outperform the market due to increased inflow of funds from institutional investors. The US law requires REITs to distribute 90% of their annual taxable income in the form of dividends to shareholders. Thus, huge dividend payouts have been attracting more customers to invest in the US REITs. Dillard’s entry in the REITs market will enhance the company’s ability to access debt or preferred stock and thereby improve its liquidity. The funds raised from the REITs can then be channelized towards fur ther expansion of the company’s retail stores in the US and internationally. Threats Intense competition Dillard’s operates in a highly competitive retailing industry. Although the company is one of the leading apparel and home furnishing retailers in the US, it has a number of competitors at the national as well as at the local level. Its competitors also include specialty, off-price, discount and internet retailers. Competition is characterized by many factors, including location, reputation, fashion, merchandise assor tment, adver tising, price, quality, ser vice and credit availability. Some of the key competitors of Dillard’s are J. C. Penney, Macy’s and Saks. Some of these competitors may have substantially larger marketing budgets, providing them with a competitive advantage over Dillard’s. Dillard’s, Inc. Â © MarketLine Page 6 Dillard’s, Inc. SWOT Analysis Intense competition in the industry could lead to price wars and pressurize Dillard’s margins and cap its market share. Discretionary spending in the US High class=ilgen =/essay-sociological-perspectives-unemployment/ data-wpel-link=internal>unemployment rates and slow economic growth prospects have kept the consumer confidence low in recent times. According to industry exper ts, the US consumer confidence index decreased and reache d 60. 6 in August 2012, compared with 65. in July 2012. The consumer confidence index was above 100 in the first half of 2007. Americans continue to remain cautious about spending, one of the reasons why the pace of the recover y is estimated to be more subdued than in the past. High unemployment rate is expected to keep consumers relatively cautious. The annual average unemployment rate in the US was at 8. 9% in 2011. High unemployment rate reduces consumer spending as customers feel uncer tain about their future earnings. As a result, consumers tend to save more. Dillard’s generates 100% of its revenues from the US. Therefore, the company’s financial performance is sensitive to changes in the overall economic conditions that affect consumer spending and mall traffic. A fur ther decline in consumer discretionary spending could adversely impact the company’s top line growth. Dillard’s, Inc. Â © MarketLine Page 7 Copyright of Dillards, Inc. SWOT Analysis is the property of MarketLine, a Datamonitor business and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder’s express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use.

AP Exams vs SAT Subject Tests Whats More Important

AP Exams vs SAT Subject Tests What's More Important SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Many high-achieving students end up taking both SAT Subject Tests and AP Tests during their time in high school. SAT Subject Tests are required for admission to mostcompetitive colleges, and AP Tests and coursework are encouraged. Is one more important than the other? In this article, I’ll give details on how these two types of tests compare to each another and whether it's a good idea to take AP Tests and SAT Subject Tests in the same topic areas. What's the Difference Between AP Tests and SAT Subject Tests? SAT Subject Tests are hour-long multiple-choice exams that are scored on a scale of 200 to 800.AP Tests consist of multiple choice and essay sections, last for several hours, and are scored on a scale of 1-5. Many more students take AP tests every year than SAT Subject Tests (2.3 million versus about 500,000). This is becauseAP Tests are tied directly to the corresponding Advanced Placement classes. In recent years, the AP program has spread to more and more high schools across the country. To get college credit for these classes, students must pass the tests. SAT Subject Tests are less popular because students only take them for certain selective colleges that ask for them in the application process. The most selective schools usually require or recommend two or three subject tests. These tests are not directly tied to specific classes, so students typically have more freedom in deciding which ones they want to take. SAT Subject Test scores can showcase your unique interests and talents on your college application. SAT Subject Tests are rarer than AP Tests. This red panda is also rare, but it's much cuter than anything the College Board will ever create. What Is the Purpose of an AP Test Compared to That of an SAT Subject Test? AP Tests measure a student’s mastery of college-level subject matterthrough questions that touch on the main points of a year-long AP curriculum.Your AP Test scores validate the hard work you did in class and confirm that you learned the material. The dean of admissions at Harvard says, "We have found that the best predictors [of grades] at Harvard are Advanced Placement tests and International Baccalaureate Exams, closely followed by the College Board subject tests."Students who do well on AP Tests are likely to be successful in college classes, so selective schools are interested in them for their predictive value. AP Test scores alsohelp admissions officers decide whether your grades are an accurate reflection of your academic ability. If you got a 1 on the test but an A in the class, the class was probably way too easy. If you got a 5 on the test but a B- in the class, the class was probably very challenging. This will affect the judgments that admissions officers make about your potential. Your AP scores also make a difference in whether or not you earn college credit for the work you did in your AP class.At most schools, an AP score of 4 or 5 will either lead to college credit or allow you to place out of introductory college courses. SAT Subject Tests are slightly different because they measure students’ readiness for college-level work. SAT Subject Tests are sometimes used to place students out of courses in college, but you can’t earn college credits for doing well on them. They're also less relevant for predicting college grades, although they still have some value. Since SAT Subject Tests don't correspond with specific classes on your transcript, they can be used to emphasize your abilities in the subjects that are most relevant to what you plan on studying in college. Colleges view subject tests as assessments of how much you learned in high school and where your academic strengths lie. High scores on AP Tests might allow you to ascend the college escalator more quickly. Are AP Tests Harder Than SAT Subject Tests? Most students find the material on AP Tests to be more difficult than the material on SAT Subject Tests because it's intended for students who are working at a college level. AP Tests also require more stamina.As a rule, essays are almost always harder than multiple-choice questions because you have to come up with an answer entirely on your own. Even within the multiple choice sections, AP Tests demand a deeper understanding of the material than SAT Subject Tests.They also require students to possess more in-depth knowledge and analytical abilities when it comes to interpreting primary source materials. Still, it is technically easier to get a 5 on an AP Test than an 800 on an SAT Subject Test. On most AP Tests, you can still earn a 5 if you get a fair amount of questions wrong, whereas there’s almost no room for error on subject tests if you want a perfect score.A student who gets 70% of questions correct and a student who gets 100% of questions correct may both end up with 5s on an AP test depending on how strong the curve is. However, this is deceptive, since the actual content and test format for AP Tests is significantly more difficult.A student who earns a high score like a 700 on a subject test might not get a 5 on an AP Test due to the greater complexity.I'll do a comparison with real questions to show you how the two tests differ. Come with me on this journey down two divergent paths that wind through the strange wasteland of Collegeboardia. Here’s a sample multiple-choice question from the US History SAT Subject Test: "If the Creator had separated Texas from the Union by mountain barriers, the Alps or the Andes, there might be plausible objections; but He has planed down the whole [Mississippi] Valley including Texas, and united every atom of the soil and every drop of the water of the mighty whole. He has linked their rivers with the great Mississippi, and marked and united the whole for the dominion of one government, the residence of one people." This quotation from the 1840's can be viewed as an expression of: A. The New NationalismB. popular sovereigntyC. Manifest DestinyD. the Good Neighbor PolicyE. the frontier thesis (the answer is C) And here’s a sample multiple-choice question from the AP US History Test (multiple choice questions refer to excerpts from primary sources): Excerpt: â€Å"We conclude that in the field of public education the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.† -Chief Justice Earl Warren, writing the unanimous opinion of the United States Supreme Court in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 1954 Which of the following was the most immediate result of the decision excerpted? A. Radicals critiqued government actions as doing too little to transform the racial status quo. B. Education advocates raised awareness of the effect of poverty on students’ opportunities. C. Civil rights activists became increasingly divided over tactical and philosophical issues. D. Segregationists in southern states temporarily closed many public schools in an effort to resist the decision. (the answer is D) Notice the differences between these two questions.The SAT Subject Test question is much more straightforward.It requires basic knowledge of terminology related to US History.Most students who took any standard class in US History would probably answer it correctly. The AP Test question, on the other hand, is more nuanced.It asks for the â€Å"most immediate† result of the Supreme Court decision.All of the answers are true to some degree, but only D reflects the â€Å"most immediate† initial response.This is tricky, and it requires students to think more carefully about the question.It expects a certain degree of advanced knowledge of larger trends related to racial tension in US History and when and how the responses of different groups to legislative changes played out. You can also see this difference between the two tests magnified in the open response section of the AP Test. Here’s an example of an AP open response question: Using your knowledge of United States history, answer parts a and b. a) Briefly explain why ONE of the following periods best represents the beginning of a democracy in the United States. Provide at least ONE piece of evidence from the period to support your explanation. Rise of political parties in the 1790s Development of voluntary organizations to promote social reforms between the 1820s and the 1840s Emergence of the Democrats and the Whigs as political parties in the 1830s b) Briefly explain why ONE of the other options is not as persuasive as the one you chose. This question requires students to formulate a coherent definition of American democracy, make a decision about which time period best exemplifies its roots (while backing up their point with historical knowledge), and refute a counterargument.This is college-level analytical thinking.You won’t encounter questions like this on an SAT Subject Test. Choose your responses carefully. Uncle Sam is watching. Should You Take SAT Subject Tests and AP Tests in the Same Subjects? Is it OK to take SAT Subject Tests and AP Tests in the same subject? Yes, colleges won't think you're being lazy if you have overlap in the two exam types. The key factor when deciding which SAT Subject Tests to take isn't how similar or different they are to your AP Tests, it's if those SAT Subject Tests fit the subject test requirements of the schools you're applying to. If the colleges where you’re applying simply request that you take two or three unspecified SAT Subject Tests, it makes a lot of sense to take the tests that correspond with your APs. Since SAT Subject Tests are less challenging than AP Tests, you will already be prepared and may not have to do any extra studying.AP Tests are typically held in May, and you can take SAT Subject Tests in June. Certain college programs do require you to take specific subject tests to be eligible for admission.This is often the case at engineering schools that want to ensure students are well-versed in math and the hard sciences.For example, the California Institute of Technology requires prospective students to take the Math 2 subject test and one of the subject tests in Biology, Physics, or Chemistry.Math 2 is the most commonly required SAT Subject Test. If you aren’t taking an AP Test in the same subject area as the SAT Subject Test you want or need to take, you should plan to take the subject test at the end of your most relevant high school class.For Math 2, this will most likely be at the end of your junior year after you’ve taken classes in algebra, geometry, trigonometry, and precalculus.In general, it’s always a good idea to take an SAT Subject Test right after you finish a class in the subject.That way, you can just do a quick review and avoid having to refresh your memory on material you learned a while ago. You, radiating confidence during your SAT Subject Tests. Conclusion AP Tests and SAT Subject Tests differ in many ways, although they both can have an impact on your chances of admission at competitive colleges. SAT Subject Tests are only an hour long, and they are comprised entirely of multiple-choice questions. AP Tests, on the other hand, can last for over three hours and always include both multiple-choice and essay questions. AP Tests are associated with specific AP classes, and their content tends to be more challenging than that of SAT Subject Tests. AP Tests ask students to demonstrate college-level analytical skills while SAT Subject Tests require more basic knowledge of high school curriculum. Your scores on AP Tests may also earn you college credit or allow you to place out of introductory college classes if they are high enough. SAT Subject Tests are only occasionally used for placement purposes. Both types of tests may be important for you in the admissions process, so make sure that you prepare accordingly! What's Next? Curious about AP? Learn how you can register for Advanced Placement classes and tests. If you're looking to delve deeper into variations in difficulty on AP tests, read this article on the hardest AP tests that you can take. If you're planning on taking SAT Subject Tests, take a look at this article to get a better sense of your ideal score range. Need a little extra help prepping for your Subject Tests? We have the industry's leading SAT Subject Test prep programs (for all non-language Subject Tests). Built by Harvard grads and SAT Subject Test full or 99th %ile scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so that you get the most effective prep possible. Learn more about our Subject Test products below:

Contract Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Contract - Essay Example All three cases are of Contract. The basic principle of contract law is "[t]he purpose of the law is to put the plaintiff in as good a position as he would have been in had the defendant kept his contract." 1 Principle of Incorporation: Within this principle, specifically the concept of mutual understanding is applicable which is â€Å"derived from the conduct of the parties that the conduct of hire was to be based on one of the party’s usual conditions’. 3 The first issue in the first scenario is whether or not the words â€Å"excellent reputation for being reliable† constitutes a misrepresentation, due to the fact that LLL were unreliable by arriving late and sending a limousine that was not clean and up to the mark. This was a common understanding developed that the service will be of good quality and presentable. The above statement could be seen as a mere puff (sales talk) which is not considered to be a statement of fact as courts would treat such as idle boasts with no contractual significance as in Dimmock v Hallet where the statement â€Å"Fertile and Improvable† was considered to have insufficient substance to be classed as a representation. Also the statement could be seen as an opinion as in Economides v Commercial Union Assurance Co Plc (1997) where estimate of content given to the insurance was considered to be a statement of opinion as he was not an expert thus not a misrepresentation. On the other hand, the above statement could be considered as opinion of a person in a better position to know the facts in which case it is misrepresentation as in Smith v Land & House Property Corporation where it was held that a statement of opinion from someone who knows the fact best is a statement of fact as the knowledge of fact justify the opinion. Furthermore, the statement was made by one party to the other i.e. LLL to AAA and if Lynda relied and acted on the statement to make her decision to give the contract to LLL, although the

Effective Leadership and Management of Starbucks UK Essay

Effective Leadership and Management of Starbucks UK - Essay Example According to chairman of the board, Howard Schultz, "You get more than the finest coffee when you visit a Starbucks-you get great people, first-rate music and a comfortable, upbeat meeting place." This is what the company calls "the Starbucks experience." The impacts of globalisation, the influx of Internet commerce and intense competition in the market have dramatically influenced management in order to sustain the organisation's existence. The primary business objective of a firm has evolved into creating strategic and competitive advantage. Starbucks reinvented the traditional coffee shops and created a global brand because of its corporate strategies and competitive edge. Strategic advantage is the product of synthesizing different learning of managers from sources such as personal insights, people's experiences and market research. Strategy is the plan that the organisation shall pursue in order to achieve the organisation's purpose. Developing a competitive strategy is developing a broad formula for how business operates and how it is going to compete. (Porter, 1980, p. xxvi) It includes the goals the organisation desired and policies needed to carry out those goals. However, the most successful strategies lie in the leader's vision (Mintzberg, 1994, p. 107). It is the role of leadership to give purpose and meaningful direction to the company and to cause organisational effort in order to achieve that purpose (Jacobs & Jacques, 1990, p. 281). Successful leaders understand that strategy is not stagnant but instead it is dynamic and changing. Creating strategic advantage requires a leader's deep understanding of the company's strengths, weaknesses, its competitive strategy, and its current and potential customers. (Porter, 1985, p. 4) Starbucks' mission is to "build customer loyalty around cappuccinos, lattes and other fancy beverages." Starbucks redesigned the coffee industry by shifting its focus from commodity coffee sales to the emotional atmosphere in which customers enjoy their coffee. Howard Schultz made it a point to visit his stores every week and talk with his employees. He spreads his unique gospel of how to run a business. He preaches his vision to as many people as possible in order to engage his employees to the strategies of the company. (Kim & Mauborgne, 2005, p. 74) The management of Starbucks has invested a great deal of resources to know and understand their customers' perspective. The knowledge that they learned is transformed and utilised to provide services, products and communications. These business processes are long lasting and consistent. The management of Starbucks are aware that customers are the company's most valuable asset. They make it a point to consider the pulse of the customers in creating their strategies. Starbucks create competitive advantage through a strategy of differentiation. The company offers coffee and fancy beverages, baked goods, and a unique experience that distinguishes them from other market players. Starbucks is good at making consumers feel special when they arrive at their regular Starbucks store because the barista knows the customer's preferred drink. Starbucks has an edge over their